Ordinal Regression Modelling of Tricycle Modal Comfort in Calabar, Nigeria: Passengers’ Perception

Abstract

Tricycles constitute a major component of the informal transport system in many Nigerian cities. Their 
operation is fast becoming a parody to urban living and as such, require urgent regulatory attention. The 
paper examined the perception of comfort that passengers derive from the use of tricycles for urban 
mobility in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria. The study modelled different comfort levels based on 
demographic characteristics of the passengers, as derived from its use. Questionnaire and data from 
CRDoPT and other published materials were used to make inferences on the study. Analyses was by 
descriptive and inferential statistics. Ordinal regression analysis using the PLUM method in SPSS analysed 
data where the null hypothesis that, there is no statistical relationship between passenger demographic 
parameters and the feeling of comfort from the use of the tricycle in Calabar, was rejected. The feeling 
of comfort of the tricycle mode users is observed to be dependent (p < .05) on the education (p = .000); 
monthly income (p = .001); occupation (p = .046); and marital status (p = .003) on the respondents. The 
study recommended among other things, regulatory policies that are expected to enhance an effective 
modal regulation that promotes a safe and comfortable use of the mode. Registration and creation of 
an accurate database of the tricycle operators and operations in order to formalize tricycle operation 
can enhance the confidence of use and boost comfort levels of passengers.