Structure and Protein Interactions in Carbon Nanotubes: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

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A carbon allotrope with a nanostructure and a length-to-diameter ratio more than 1,000,000 is known as a carbon nanotube (CNT). Methods
such as chemical vapour deposition, arc discharge, and laser ablation have been developed to manufacture nanotubes in significant amounts.
Recent advancements have shown the revolutionary potential of nanomaterials, particularly in the fields of biomedical imaging, drug delivery,
biosensing, and functional nanocomposites design. In order to bring these uses to fruition, methods for efficiently integrating proteins with
nanomaterials are constantly developing. The immobilised entity may be concentrated to a much greater extent than with other materials due to
the high surface-to-volume ratio provided by nanoparticles. The impact of nanomaterials on protein structure and function is another area of
growing interest. The specialised attachment of enzymes to carbon nanotubes has garnered a lot of interest among the several immobilisation
techniques that have been devised. As research into cascade enzymatic reactions continues to advance, multienzyme coimmobilization may
emerge as a promising next step. Our research here primarily aims at the latest developments in the technique of enzyme immobilisation on
carbon nanotubes