Numerical Taxonomy of the Apple and Pear Cultivars cultivated in north of Iraq

Abstract

The current research included numerical taxonomy of cultivars of apple (Pyrus malus L.), namely: (ʽEarlyGoldʼ, ʽGrannySmithʼ, ʽRoyalCalaʼ, Red Deliciousʼ وʽGolden Deliciousʼ,ʽHoney Crispʼ, ʽMcintoshʼ, ʽCoxʼ), and cultivars of pear (Pyrus communis L.): (ʽConeferenceʼ, ʽDecanaʼ, ʽBonicaʼ, ʽAlkhatuniʼ, ʽAlothmaniʼ and ʽWilliamʼ) of the family (Rosaceae) cultivated in northern Iraq, using morphological, anatomical and spectroscopic and pollen grains Characteristics. These characteristics were processed mathematically and with one weight for all the characteristics; the result showed that clear extent of similarity between the cultivars of the two species, apple and pear, ranged between (20-75%); the highest level was (75%) between the two cultivars ʽAlothmaniʼ and ʽAlkhatuniʼ of P. communis L. species, and the lowest similarity was between the two cultivars ‘Honey. Crispʼ of P. malus L., and ‘Alkhatuniʼ for P. communis L. with a similarity of (20 %). It was clear from the dendrograms that the studied cultivars of the two species met at a similarity percentage of (44 %), and this is evidence of the correlation between these cultivars one to another for the two studied species of the genus Pyrus. L.