Evaluative Criticism of Nahj Al-Balaghah for Scholars.

Abstract

Critical studies have defined a set of critical approaches, including the descriptive approach, which is concerned with giving value to the critical description, and types of criticism as well as normative criticism, which is based on setting certain criteria on the basis of which texts are tried. Ready-made values for the critical description or the literary text, and this type of criticism was not shed light on it and did not have an independent study as far as the researcher knows, because it did not fall within the attention of the scholars, but was dealt with on a negative basis, since these unexplained monetary values are readymade values, so they do not rise to descriptive or normative positions. The research concern will be the manifestation of the real value or monetary value of these unexplained monetary descriptions by showing the nature of the critic or student's use of the approach, and the research is concerned with clarifying the classifications of these assessments in terms of total and partial as well as from the nature of monetary handling here that the student or critic may make judgments Unexplained criticism and sometimes judgments are accompanied by some kind of reasoning. Critics have practiced a set of critical approaches in their approaches to literary texts, including: The descriptive approach: It is one of the important approaches used in critical studies, and de Saussure is the codifier for this approach, as he was interested in his study of descriptive or linguistic phenomena with the aim of identifying the clear characteristics of them. As a result, the use of the historical method in social research has been limited. The ancient Arabs were among the first to use this approach. We find features of that in Arabic literature and poetry in the pre-Islamic era. The other critical approach that was used is the so-called normative approach. In this approach, we find that the critic or the student sets certain standards and according to these rules and standards, critical work is carried out on the texts, we can consider Ibn Tabataba Al-Alawi's book "Ayyar al-Shi'r" as an example of this critical type. As for what we called evaluation criticism, it means giving ready values to the descriptive or literary text, which is a type of criticism that did not shed light and did not fall within the researchers' attention. Monetary values are ready-made values, they do not rise to the descriptive or normative position. They are critical judgments that are not based on a statement of the foundations upon which these monetary values or criteria are based, and therefore our concern in this research will be to clarify the real value or monetary value of these monetary descriptions, by clarifying the nature of the critic or student's use of the approach of rhetoric on the one hand, and on the other hand. A statement of its depth, specialization, uniqueness and other elements that give these statements their monetary value. Among these statements is the statement of the extraordinary attractiveness of Nahj al-Balaghah and its deep implications. The research is also concerned with clarifying the classifications of these descriptions in terms of total and partial, and the partial ones, in turn, are divided into reasoned partial judgments and partial non-judgments. Justified, as the research indicated to the statement that Nahj al-Balaghah is the master of speech.