The Gold of Peru

Abstract

• In Peru there are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks that, analyzed by radiometric dating UPb, Ar-Ar or other isotopes, give a chronological range between 3 - 1924 with an error of 20 - 25, located in Madre de Dios, Cordilleras de the coast and the Andes, the rocks are made up of minerals that contain metallic elements such as: Gold, silver, platinum, copper, lead, zinc, tin, molybdenum, antimony,manganese, bismuth, mercury, titanium, lithium, vanadium, nickel, cobalt chromium, Wolfromium, iron etc. They integrate bodies that have different geometries, they were formed together or after the orogen, due to a strong telluric action, for this reason Peru is a country that has many metallic elements (40), of which only 16 are exploited, which is equivalent to 99 %. Peru is the second largest producer of copper, silver and zinc in the world, fourth in lead, molybdenum, sixth in gold and tin, and tenth in phosphate rock. It is considered very rich for its mineral resources, which is why we must inform ourselves about their importance and the necessary business development linked to it. In Peruvian economic history, mining has contributed to its growth, being an important source of tax revenue; but it has also generated various conflicts with peoples and communities. The mining concessions of the areas that have mineral resources are granted to CIAS and / or natural persons for economic purposes, the cost obtained from the sale of their minerals contributes a tribute or MINING CANON that is used, 50% for development Of the regions where the mining operations are located, 25% for a common fund distributed to their districts and provinces, the remaining 25% adds their public treasury, which is why the Constitution and the Laws have to guarantee this principle legal, even more so in the case of wealth that is different from business activities in which wealth-generating resources such as agriculture, livestock and industries in general are produced. Business development in mining must be supported, promoted and disseminated at all levels by the governments of the day, but under the precepts of creating jobs based on the investments made, and that they participate in the development of each of the regions, with the payment of their royalties and the corresponding direct taxes, which must be set with equity applying current legislation. We mention metallic gold whose production has experienced the greatest growth in the last three decades. Due to its new regulatory framework, various gold operations of large disseminated mineral deposits were put into operation, such as Yanacocha, Alto Chicama, Santa Rosa, Pierina, Sipán, la Zanja, Cerro Corona, Toro Mocho, Quellaveco, La Arena, La Zanja, El Toro and others, this article seeks to analyze part of the influence on our economy by the exploitation of gold and its production in Peru, which makes it the first in Latin America and the sixth in the world. A study by the United States Geological Survey mentions that gold reserves amount to 13 million tons 418 million ounces, which are in the Andes of South America of which 1960 tons or 63 million fine ounces are in Peru, It is thought that there is much more, the figure is equivalent to 61,204,800 billion fine grams and they are equal to 4% of the existing reserves in the world. To date, there is no natural region in Peru that does not have gold deposits. Another UP study (2013) mentions that the revenue for Peru is 12,110 million dollars for 2024 and 5,353 million dollars for regional governments for canon and royalties. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness not only among academics interested in mining, but also among the general public, as well as the need for responsible and sustainable mining in which natural resources are used conservatively. always looking for new and modern methods of exploitation; In parallel, carry out a meticulous control and prevention of contamination, the conservation of the topographic landscape should not be overlooked, hence the importance of this article in which the author pours part of his experience, which will be useful to people linked to mining or to those who want to expand their knowledge on the subject.