Leader Member Exchange, Perception of Organizational Politics, Job Performance and Workplace Friendship of Secondary School Teachers: An Empirical Investigation Using Higher Order Construct

Abstract

The on-going education system of Pakistan failed to provide the desired academic results to increase the literacy level even after free of cost education as per Article 25-A of constitution of Pakistan(Bacha et al., 2021). The primary cause of research is to access the level of job performance (JP) of teachers and factors that contribute to decrease JP of teachers. To address this issue, the data was collected from all public sectors schools of Punjab Province of Pakistan using systematic proportionate random sampling from each division as per number of schools. The number of higher secondary schools in Punjab are 751 in which 24794 teachers are teaching. The factors behind the job performance of teachers are being investigated in this research using Perception of Organizational Politics (POP) model. Leader Member Exchange (LMX) examined as antecedent of JP of teachers. POP and JP constructs were used as Higher Order Construct (Stage-2) formative reflective construct. The collected data was tabulated in SPSS for coding and later on analyzed using SmartPLS 3.2.8. LMX has showed significant positive result on JP while significant negative relationship was observed between LMX and POP. The median Role of POP has shown significant result through LMX on job performance and POP significant negative effect on JP. Additionally, workplace friendship has fully moderated the negative relationship between POP and job performance. The findings of this study provide useful insight for the stakeholders and educational policy makers to cope the issues and factors that reduce the JP of teachers. Limitations and future recommendations were also provided at the end of the research.