Sociological and psychological studies reveal many problems in the life of the Arctic indigenous small-numbered peoples, and do not always find a positive solution. The complexity and multidimensionality of the key problems determines the search for a balance between the preservation of the traditional indigenous peoples’ lifestyle, their traditional crafts and new climatic, ecological, economic and technological life conditions. Finding such a balance, positive ways to transform their economic and environmental behavior is a non-trivial task and requires a serious approach to the study of existing problems as a complex, in which each of the problems itself is both a consequence of a few existing bottlenecks and the cause of new obstacles or opportunities. As a result of the study, the authors have developed mechanisms for the positive transformation in the economic and environmental behavior of the Arctic indigenous small-numbered peoples.